{"id":29923,"date":"2020-07-19T10:34:29","date_gmt":"2020-07-19T02:34:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.landeservice.cn\/?p=29923"},"modified":"2020-08-22T15:41:11","modified_gmt":"2020-08-22T07:41:11","slug":"29923","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.landeservice.cn\/archives\/29923.html","title":{"rendered":"\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e2d\u7684\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\uff1a\u5168\u7403\u89c6\u91ce"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"abstract\">\u6458\u8981<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u8fd120\u5e74\u6765\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8d85\u8fc711000\u672c<a href=\"http:\/\/helan.landeservice.cn\">\u8377\u5170\u8bed<\/a>\u56fe\u4e66\u8bd1\u6587\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u5bf9\u8fd1\u671f\u4f20\u51fa\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6d41\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u7403\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u5ba1\u67e5\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u6d41\u6d3e\uff08\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u548c\u51fa\u53e3\uff1b\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u4f5c\u8005\u4f5c\u54c1\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6570\u91cf\u7a33\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u8bed\u4f5c\u8005\u4f5c\u54c1\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6570\u91cf\u505c\u6ede\u4e0d\u524d\uff1b\u5fb7\u8bed\u3001\u82f1\u8bed\u548c\u6cd5\u8bed\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u548c\u4e39\u9ea6\u8bed\u5904\u4e8e\u534a\u8fb9\u7f18\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6c49\u8bed\u5904\u4e8e\u65b0\u5174\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u83b7\u5f97\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u663e\u8457\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7ee7\u7eed\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u63a2\u8ba8\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u548c\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u65af\u6587\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff08\u524d\u79f0\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u6587\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u201c\u6587\u5b66\u8d28\u91cf\u201d\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u201c\u5e02\u573a\u4fee\u6b63\u201d\u7406\u7531\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u52a0\u5f3a\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5931\u8861\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e2d\u7684\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66&nbsp;,\u4e16\u754c\u56fe\u4e66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5e02\u573a&nbsp;,\u7ffb\u8bd1\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66&nbsp;,\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u52a9\u91d1&nbsp;,\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56&nbsp;,\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a&nbsp;,\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u65af\u6587\u5b66<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_i3\">\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u8fb9\u754c\u5212\u5206\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u662f\u6587\u5b66\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u56fe\u4e66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u5236\u7ea6\u548c\u523a\u6fc0\u8de8\u5883\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0001\"><sup>one<\/sup><\/a>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u8fc1\u79fb\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u6587\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u56fe\u4e66\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u548c\u7834\u574f\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0002\"><sup>two<\/sup><\/a>Johan Heilbron\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3-\u8fb9\u7f18\u6a21\u5f0f\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u5904\u4e8e\u8d85\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5fb7\u8bed\u548c\u6cd5\u8bed\u5904\u4e8e\u534a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u88ab\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5916\u56f4\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0003\"><sup>three<\/sup><\/a>daviddamrosch\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u6743\u529b\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b66\u7ecf\u5178\u548c\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u82f1\u8bed\uff09\u5b66\u672f\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\uff1b\u4ed6\u7528<em>\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4f1a\u56fd\u9645\u4e66\u76ee<\/em>\u5e76\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5f15\u6587\u6570\u91cf\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0004\"><sup>four<\/sup><\/a>\u4e54\u4f0a\u65af\uff082297\u6b21\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\uff09\u548c\u4f0d\u5c14\u592b\uff081964\u5e74\uff09\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u540c\u9f84\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u5361\u592b\u5361\uff081204\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u666e\u9c81\u65af\u7279\uff081033\u5e74\uff09\u548c\u535a\u5c14\u8d6b\u65af\uff08948\u5e74\uff09\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u8d85\u5e38\u89c4\u8303\u7574\u3002\u6837\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4f5c\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u82f1\u8bed\u3001\u6cd5\u8bed\u6216\u5fb7\u8bed\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u662f\u201c\u4e3b\u8981\u201d\u4f5c\u8005\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u8377\u5170\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7a46\u5c14\u5854\u56fe\u5229\uff08Multatuli\uff09\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u8fbe\u59c6\u7f57\u65af\u514b\u7684\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u4ed6\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u201c\u8d85\u5c0f\u8c03\u201d\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u6392\u5728\u201c\u7ecf\u5178\u6027\u201d\u7684\u957f\u5c3e\u5c3e\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\uff0c\u5171\u67099\u7bc7MLA\u5f15\u6587\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u5730\u4f4d\u76f8\u547c\u5e94\uff1a\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u4e3a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0d\u52301%\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6e90\u540d\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0005\"><sup>five<\/sup><\/a>\u5176\u56fd\u5185\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fdb\u53e3\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u82f1\u8bed\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0006\"><sup>six<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4e66<em>\u505a<\/em>\u79bb\u5f00\u8377\u5170\u65c5\u884c\u3002\u672c\u6587\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u8fd1\u4f20\u51fa\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/pd.landeservice.cn\">\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/a>\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u56fe\u666f\u3002\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u201c\u4e1c\u5411\u201d\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u662f\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\uff1a\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb20\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u6709\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u662f\u5fb7\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5308\u7259\u5229\u8bed\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u8bed\u3001\u6377\u514b\u8bed\u3001\u4fc4\u8bed\u3001\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u8bed\u548c\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u8bed\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u672c\u7279\u520a\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u6807\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u65f6\u671f\u4e0e\u672c\u671f\u5176\u4ed6\u6295\u7a3f\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6295\u7a3f\u5ba1\u67e5\u7684\u662f\u65e9\u57281850\u5e74\u548c1990\u5e74\u7684\u8377\u5170\u8bed\uff08\u4e2a\u522b\uff09\u8bd1\u672c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e66\u76ee\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6d41\u901a\u6a21\u5f0f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u5ef6\u4f38\u5f97\u66f4\u8fdc\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4eca\u5929\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff09\u5e76\u975e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u6240\u72ec\u6709\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u4e0e\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u793a\u6027\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u501f\u9274\u7ffb\u8bd1\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e861998\u5e74\u81f32018\u5e74\u95f4\u51fa\u7248\u768411121\u672c\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u56fe\u4e66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002\u6211\u9996\u5148\u5bf9\u5373\u5c06\u5230\u6765\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6d41\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u5927\u5c40\u201d\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u601d\u8003\u8377\u5170\u548c\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5851\u9020\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d41\u52a8\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u5916\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u52a9\u3002\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a(<em>Nederlands Letterenfonds<\/em>\uff0cDFL\uff09\u548c\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u6587\u5b66(<em>Literatuur Vlaanderen<\/em>\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u6587\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u5404\u81ea\u56fd\u5bb6\u96c6\u56e2\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8ff0\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u52a9\u91d1\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5730\u4f4d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u52a9\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5373DFL\u548cFL\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u6587\u5b66\u8d28\u91cf\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5e02\u573a\u4fee\u6b63\u201d\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u52a0\u5267\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6d41\u4e2d\u91cd\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_i4\">\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\uff1a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4ed61899\u5e74\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d<em>Weltliteratur<\/em>\uff0c\u4e39\u9ea6\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u517c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4e54\u6cbb\u5e03\u5170\u5fb7\u65af\u79f0\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5c0f\u8bed\u79cd\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u662f\u201c\u53ef\u60b2\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u201d\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0007\"><sup>seven<\/sup><\/a>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9a\u6027\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u6548\u3002\u867d\u7136\u7528\u82f1\u8bed\u3001\u6cd5\u8bed\u548c\u5fb7\u8bed\u7b49\u5927\u8bed\u79cd\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u6570\u4ee5\u5343\u4e07\u8ba1\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8bed\u8a00\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528\u8f83\u5c0f\u8bed\u79cd\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u7528\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u827e\u5e03\u62c9\u59c6\u00b7\u5fb7\u65af\u65fa\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5168\u7403\u8bed\u8a00\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u7531\u6bcd\u8bed\u8005\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8bed\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0008\"><sup>eight<\/sup><\/a>\u5bf9\u4e8ePascale Casanova\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ee7De Swaan\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u53ca\u5176\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u5bf9\u975e\u6bcd\u8bed\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u5176\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6807\u51c6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u53cc\u8bed\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff08\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u5c06\u662f\u4e3b\u5bfc\u8bed\u8a00\uff09\u3002\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u201d\u591a\u8bed\u79cd\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0009\"><sup>nine<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u201d\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u5bfc\u8bed\u8a00\u5199\u4f5c\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4e8b\u4e1a\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u8d1d\u514b\u7279\uff08\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u8bed\u6cd5\u8bed\uff09\u3001\u7eb3\u535a\u79d1\u592b\uff08\u4fc4\u8bed\u82f1\u8bed\uff09\u3001\u51ef\u9c81\u4e9a\u514b\u8bed\uff08\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u8bed\u82f1\u8bed\uff09\u548c\u5eb7\u62c9\u5fb7\uff08\u6ce2\u5170\u82f1\u8bed\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5916\u97f3\u4f5c\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u5e78\u8fd0\u3002\u4ee5\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6770\u62c9\u5fb7\u00b7\u91cc\u592b\uff08Gerard Reve\uff09\u51e0\u5e74\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u82f1\u8bed\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6210\u540d\u4e4b\u661f\u672a\u80fd\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u5d2d\u9732\u5934\u89d2\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u51af\u5fb7\u5c14\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0010\"><sup>ten<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6765\u81ea\u5c0f\u8bed\u79cd\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u6587\u5b66\u751f\u6daf\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0cHeilbron\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3a\u6bcd\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5176\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u56fe\u4e66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8f93\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u4e66\u7c4d\u800c\u8fdb\u53e3\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u8fdb\u53e3\u591a\u3001\u51fa\u53e3\u5c11\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5219\u662f\u5916\u56f4\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u65e2\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u5fb7\u65af\u4e07\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5c06\u8bed\u9645\u4ea4\u6d41\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6743\u529b\u77e2\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u52a0\u500d\uff0c\u53c8\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u7126\u70b9\u4ece\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8005\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u53ef\u4f9b\u4ed6\u4eec\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\uff08\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\uff09\u4e66\u7c4d\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e86\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cHeilbron\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5168\u7403\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6d41\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u800c\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u4e16\u754c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u8377\u5170\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u5176\u5916\u56f4\u7684\u6709\u5229\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6765\u63a2\u7d22\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c6\u89d2\u662f\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_i5\">\u6570\u636e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u671f\u95f4\uff081998-2018\u5e74\uff09\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e66\u76ee\u6570\u636e\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6d77\u7259\u8377\u5170\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7ffb\u8bd1\u767b\u8bb0\u518c\u548cDFL\/FL\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0011\"><sup>eleven<\/sup><\/a>\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u540e\u8005\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u671f\u95f4\u4ece\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u6587\u732e\u7684\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4e66\u76ee\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u5176\u6761\u76ee\u7531\u672c\u6587\u540e\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cDFL\/FL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u9014\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4e66\u76ee\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u6269\u5145\u3001\u63cf\u8ff0\u3001\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff1b\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u7684\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u5b83\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u544a\u8bc9\u524d\u8005\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53cd\u6620\u4e86DFL\u548cFL\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6587\u5b66\u6216\u9ad8\u7aef\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u53d7\u8865\u8d34\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u51e0\u4e4e\u80af\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8fc7\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u6ce8\u5e76\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u4e4b\u5916\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u88ab\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8981\u5c0f\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6027\uff1b\u5b83\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u7cbe\u9009\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531DFL\u548cFL\u7f16\u7ec7\u548c\u94f8\u9020\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u672c\u6807\u9898\u3001\u4f5c\u8005\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u672c\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u8bd1\u8005\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u63d2\u56fe\u4f5c\u8005\u59d3\u540d\uff08\u5982\u9002\u7528\uff09\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u672c\u51fa\u7248\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u672c\u51fa\u7248\u5e74\u4efd\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u672c\u7248\u672c\/\u7cfb\u5217\uff08\u5982\u9002\u7528\uff09\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u672c\u521d\u7248\u5e74\u4efd\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u672c\u662f\u5426\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u63a5\u529b\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u4f53\u88c1\u3001\u88c5\u8ba2\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6e90\u6587\u672c\u6807\u9898\u3001\u6e90\u6587\u672c\u51fa\u7248\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u6e90\u6587\u672c\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u3001\u6e90\u6587\u672c\u51fa\u7248\u5e74\u4efd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76ee\u6807\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u662f\u5426\u6536\u5230\u8377\u5170\u6216\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u653f\u5e9c\u9488\u5bf9\u8be5\u7279\u5b9a\u6807\u9898\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u52a9\u91d1\u3002\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u5206\u8377\u5170\u548c\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u4f5c\u8005\u6027\u522b\u6216\u51fa\u7248\u8005\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c7b\u522b\u624b\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u4f5c\u8005\u56fd\u5bb6\u5206\u7ec4\uff08\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u6216\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u8bed\uff09\u3001\u4f5c\u8005\u6027\u522b\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u4e16\u754c\u5730\u533a\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u4e16\u754c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5206\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u4e2d\u592e\u3001\u534a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6216\u5916\u56f4\uff09\u548c\u6e90\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u56fd\u5bb6\u5206\u7ec4\uff08\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u6216\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u8bed\uff09\u3002\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u57ce\u5e02\u5730\u56fe\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u76ee\u6807\u57ce\u5e02\u5730\u56fe\u7684\u8bd1\u6587\u548c\u6e90\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0012\"><sup>twelve<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e66\u76ee\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u8c03\u67e5\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u5426\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u4e2a\u522b\u8c03\u89e3\u4eba\u548c\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u4e66\u76ee\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8c01\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u662f\u5426\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e66\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff08\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u5c55\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u5c55\u3001\u5916\u5c55\u3001\u5916\u5c55\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e3a\u8bd1\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u5916\u5c55\u3001\u5916\u5c55\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u5b9a\u6027\u6570\u636e\uff08\u8bbf\u8c08\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u8865\u5145\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u6765\u90e8\u5206\u5f25\u8865\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0cDFL\/FL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u7814\u7a76\u671f\u95f4\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0013\"><sup>thirteen<\/sup><\/a>\u5b83\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u548c\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u8bed\u56fe\u4e66\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e2d\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff08\u4e00\u65e6\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ec4\u522b\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff09\u3001\u4f53\u88c1\u5206\u5e03\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3001\u6765\u6e90\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u3001\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u4ee5\u53caDFL\u548cFL\u8865\u8d34\u9009\u62e9\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e0b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_i6\">Ig picture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5305\u62ec1998-2018\u5e74\u671f\u95f4DFL\/FL\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u5171\u670911121\u7bc7\uff0c1716\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u81ea384\u5bb6\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u548c\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u8bed\u51fa\u7248\u5546\uff0c2684\u540d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ece\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c2786\u540d\u5916\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u752881\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff1a\u8fc7\u53bb20\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u4ece\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u6570\u91cf\u5448\u4e0a\u5347\u8d8b\u52bf(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#f0001\">\u56fe1<\/a>). \u4ece1998\u5e74\u7684406\u79cd\u56fe\u4e66\u8dc3\u5347\u52301999\u5e74\u7684493\u79cd\uff0c\u52302015\u5e74\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u91cf\u4fdd\u6301\u5728500\u5230600\u79cd\u4e4b\u95f4\u30022016\u5e74\uff0c\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u65af\u548c\u8377\u5170\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bbe\u56fd\u5728\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f\u4e66\u5c55\u4e0a\u8054\u8882\u51fa\u5e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u4e66\u5c55\u6570\u91cf\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u52a0\u81f3721\u5bb6\uff0c2017\u5e74\u53c8\u56de\u843d\u81f3500-600\u5bb6\u30022018\u5e74\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff08473\u4e2a\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u62a5\u544a\u6ede\u540e\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u57282019\u5e741\u6708\u6536\u96c6\u4e86\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u5728\u5e74\u5e95\u4e4b\u540e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe1\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u56fe\u4e66\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6d41\u6d3e\uff081998-2018\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/na101\/home\/literatum\/publisher\/tandf\/journals\/content\/ydtc20\/2020\/ydtc20.v044.i02\/03096564.2020.1747006\/20200606\/images\/medium\/ydtc_a_1747006_f0001_oc.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#\">\u663e\u793a\u5168\u5c3a\u5bf8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e\u6027\u522b\u5747\u8861\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5219\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u4ee4\u4eba\u9f13\u821e(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#f0002\">\u56fe2<\/a>). \u8377\u5170\u8bed\u548c\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e2d\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff08\u5355\u4e00\u4f5c\u8005\uff09\u4ece1998\u5e74\u768442%\u4e0b\u964d\u523020\u5e74\u540e\u768437%\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0014\"><sup>fourteen<\/sup><\/a>\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c36%\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u7531\u5973\u6027\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u7537\u6027\u5219\u536064%\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u4f53\u88c1\u7684\u6027\u522b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u6587\u5b66\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u6027\u522b\u5747\u7b49\u3002\u5c31\u5c0f\u8bf4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c31%\u7684\u5916\u4f20\u8bd1\u6587\u6765\u81ea\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c69%\u6765\u81ea\u7537\u6027\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4efd\u989d\u6700\u8fd1\u4ece2014\u5e74\u768420%\u4f4e\u70b9\u53cd\u5f39\u52302018\u5e74\u768437%\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7c7b\u548c\u65c5\u6e38\u7c7b\u6587\u5b66\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4e66\u540d\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7\u5973\u60273:1\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fe\u753b\u5c0f\u8bf4\/\u6f2b\u753b\u548c\u8bd7\u6b4c\uff0c\u6027\u522b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e3a5:1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe2\u6309\u4f5c\u8005\u6027\u522b\u5212\u5206\u7684\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u56fe\u4e66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u603b\u91cf\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff081998-2018\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/na101\/home\/literatum\/publisher\/tandf\/journals\/content\/ydtc20\/2020\/ydtc20.v044.i02\/03096564.2020.1747006\/20200606\/images\/medium\/ydtc_a_1747006_f0002_oc.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#\">\u663e\u793a\u5168\u5c3a\u5bf8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ec4\u7684\u8bd1\u6587\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5\u663e\u793a\uff0c24%\u7684\u8bd1\u540d\u6765\u81ea\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u8bed\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c76%\u6765\u81ea\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u5b57\u6b63\u597d\u4ecb\u4e8e\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u8a00\u8054\u76df\u6839\u636e\u56fd\u5185\u56fe\u4e66\u5e02\u573a\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u8bed\u548c\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c122\/88\u201c\u57fa\u51c6\u5206\u5e03\u6570\u5b57\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u6bcd\u8bed\u4e3a\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u768427\/73\u5206\u5e03\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0015\"><sup>fifteen<\/sup><\/a>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u5386\u65f6\u6765\u770b(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#f0003\">\u56fe3<\/a>)\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6570\u91cf\u4ece1998\u5e74\u7684246\u7bc7\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u52a0\u52302017\u5e74\u7684395\u7bc7\uff0c\u800c\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u572820\u5e74\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5728100\u5230150\u7bc7\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u8bed\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ece1998\u5e74\u768430%\u4e0b\u964d\u52302017\u5e74\u768420%\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe3\u6309\u4f5c\u8005\u56fd\u7c4d\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u56fe\u4e66\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6d41\u6d3e\uff081998-2018\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/na101\/home\/literatum\/publisher\/tandf\/journals\/content\/ydtc20\/2020\/ydtc20.v044.i02\/03096564.2020.1747006\/20200606\/images\/medium\/ydtc_a_1747006_f0003_oc.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#\">\u663e\u793a\u5168\u5c3a\u5bf8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c31\u4ed6\u4eec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u6e90\u8bed\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u5728\u8377\u5170\u540c\u884c\u9762\u524d\u5931\u5229\uff0c1998\u5e74\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e8621%\u7684\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u56fe\u4e66\uff0c2018\u5e74\u4ec5\u4e3a13%\u3002\u8377\u5170\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4efd\u989d\u4ece1998\u5e74\u768471%\u589e\u52a0\u52302018\u5e74\u768483%\u3002\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u8bd1\u6587\uff0c2000\u5e74\u5360\u603b\u6570\u768410%\u52302014\u5e74\u76843%\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u6765\u6e90\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9009\u96c6\u548c\u4f5c\u54c1\u96c6\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u5206\u5e03\u65b9\u9762(<a>\u88681<\/a>)\uff0c\u5fb7\u8bed\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u8bed\u8a00\uff1a\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u5230\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7ea6\u5360\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u82f1\u8bed\u8d85\u8fc7\u6cd5\u8bed\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u4efd\u989d\uff0c\u4ece1998\u5e74\u76847%\u4e0a\u5347\u52302018\u5e74\u768413%\u3002\u6cd5\u8bed\u4ece2003\u5e74\u9ad8\u8fbe20%\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0b\u964d\uff08\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u65af\u548c\u8377\u5170\u5728<em>\u4e66\u5c55<\/em>)\u5230\u4e862018\u5e74\u624d\u8d85\u8fc710%\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5fb7\u8bed\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6301\u7eed\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4ece1999\u5e74\u768438%\u9ad8\u8fbe2018\u5e74\u768420%\u3002\u4ece2016\u5e74\u52302017\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u4efd\u989d\u4ec5\u4e3a16%\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u4efd\u989d\u4e0b\u964d\u4e8618\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u603b\u91cf\u5360\u603b\u7ffb\u8bd1\u91cf\u768434%\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u201c\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f\u75b2\u52b3\u201d\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u75b2\u52b3\u901a\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8d35\u5bbe\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u81ea\u90a3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u4efd\u989d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6062\u590d\u5230\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u2014\u20142018\u5e74\u5360\u603b\u6570\u768421%\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u88681\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u56fe\u4e66\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6d41\u6d3e\uff081998-2018\uff09\u3002<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/downloadTable?id=t0001&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;downloadType=CSV\">CSV\u516c\u53f8<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#\">\u663e\u793a\u8868<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f\u6709\u5fb7\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u4f462016\u5e74\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u4efd\u989d\u4ecd\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e20\u5e74\u6765\u768438%\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u9010\u5e74\u9012\u589e\u3002\uff08\u5c31\u5fb7\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u603b\u91cf\u800c\u8a00\uff0c2016\u5e74\u662f\u521b\u7eaa\u5f55\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u5171\u51fa\u7248243\u7bc7\u8bd1\u6587\uff0c\u800c2000\u5e74\u4e3a189\u7bc7\uff0c\u521b\u4e0b\u5386\u53f2\u65b0\u9ad8\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6bcf\u5e74\u603b\u7ffb\u8bd1\u91cf\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u589e\u957f\uff1a\u65b0\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u513f\u7ae5\uff09\u6765\u81ea\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u571f\u8033\u5176\u8bed\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u8bed\u3001\u5357\u975e\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u4f5c\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c1998\u5e74\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u7ffb\u8bd1\u91cf\u4e3a\u96f6\u6216\u63a5\u8fd1\u96f6\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u91cf\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u572810\u672c\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u589e\u957f\u3002\u7b80\u4f53\u548c\u7e41\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ece1999\u5e74\u52302005\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5e744\u6b21\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u52302012\u5e74\u8fbe\u523089\u6b21\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u624d\u8fbe\u5230\u6bcf\u5e7420-30\u672c\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002DFL\u548cFL\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u6218\u7565\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8d44\u52a9\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u53c2\u52a0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u4e3e\u529e\u7684\u4e66\u5c55\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u523a\u6fc0\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bbe\u56fd\u51fa\u5e2d\u4e862011\u5e74\u5317\u4eac\u4e66\u5c55\uff08\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u6ca1\u6709\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u65af\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a2012\u5e74\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u91cf\u7684\u6fc0\u589e\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u53e0\u52a0\uff1f\u5c31\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u8f93\u51fa\u8bd1\u6587\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4efd\u989d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u7531\u8f83\u5927\u4efd\u989d\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5916\u56f4\u6027\u7531\u8f83\u5c0f\u4efd\u989d\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u8bed\u8a00\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a\u5fb7\u8bed\u3001\u82f1\u8bed\u548c\u6cd5\u8bed\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4efd\u989d\u5747\u4e3a\u4e24\u4f4d\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5fb7\u8bed\uff0825%\uff09\u5360\u636e\u6bd4\u82f1\u8bed\uff0812\uff09\u548c\u6cd5\u8bed\uff0810\uff09\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u603b\u5171\u53ea\u5360\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u3001\u4e39\u9ea6\u8bed\u548c\u6c49\u8bed\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u534a\u5916\u56f4\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u5360\u6240\u6709\u7ffb\u8bd1\u76845%\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u662f\u5916\u56f4\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u5360\u603b\u6570\u76842%\u6216\u66f4\u5c11\u3002\u57281%\u52302%\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u4f9d\u6b21\u662f\uff1a\u65e5\u8bed\uff082.3\uff09\u3001\u745e\u5178\u8bed\uff082.3\uff09\u3001\u97e9\u8bed\uff082.1\uff09\u3001\u571f\u8033\u5176\u8bed\uff082.1\uff09\u3001\u5308\u7259\u5229\u8bed\uff082.1\uff09\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u8bed\uff081.7\uff09\u3001\u4fc4\u8bed\uff081.7\uff09\u3001\u6377\u514b\u8bed\uff081.6\uff09\u3001\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8bed\uff081.4\uff09\u3001\u632a\u5a01\u8bed\uff081.3\uff09\u3001\u65af\u6d1b\u6587\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8bed\uff081.2\uff09\u3001\u5357\u975e\u8377\u5170\u8bed\uff081.1\uff09\u548c\u52a0\u6cf0\u7f57\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8bed\uff081\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5fc5\u987b\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u8bd1\u540d\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u6570\u91cf\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4e39\u9ea6\u8bed\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6bd4\u4f8b\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u4e0e\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u5e76\u5217\uff0c\u4f46\u4e39\u9ea6\u8bed\u7684\u5370\u5237\u91cf\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u6216\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u7684\u5c0f\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u6b63\u671d\u7740\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u591a\u6837\u6027\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4ece1998\u5e74\u768433\u79cd\u76ee\u6807\u8bed\u8a00\u589e\u52a0\u52302018\u5e74\u768444\u79cd\uff0c\u57282002\u5e74\uff0849\u79cd\uff09\u548c2015\u5e74\uff0852\u79cd\uff09\u8fbe\u5230\u9876\u5cf0\u300232\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u6bcf\u5e74\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb20\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c34\u79cd\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u91cf\u7d2f\u8ba1\u8fbe\u523010\u79cd\u6216\u66f4\u5c11\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c16\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u572820\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u53ea\u6ce8\u518c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u603b\u5171\u670981\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6309\u4e16\u754c\u5730\u533a\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u51fa\u7248\uff0879%\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u4e9a\u592a\u5730\u533a\uff0811%\uff09\uff0c\u7f8e\u6d32\uff087%\uff09\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u8054\u5408\u4f53\uff082%\uff09\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0016\"><sup>sixteen<\/sup><\/a>\u975e\u6d32\uff081%\uff09\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u56fd\u5bb6\uff081%\uff09\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u5e03\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u4efd\u989d\u57281998\u5e74\u6301\u7eed\u4e0b\u964d\uff0890%\uff092012\u5e74\uff0866%\uff09\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e9a\u6d32\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\uff09\u548c\u975e\u6d32\uff08\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u5357\u975e\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u57282018\u5e74\u6500\u5347\u81f377%\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd0\u7528\u6d77\u52c3\u9f99\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5206\u7c7b\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u6bcf\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\uff0c\u81ea1998\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5916\u4f20\u91cf\u670953%\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u4e3a\u8fb9\u7f18\u5230\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c36%\u662f\u8fb9\u7f18\u5230\u534a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c11%\u662f\u8fb9\u7f18\u5230\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e2d\uff0c41%\u7684\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff09\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7ed9\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u5546\uff0c37%\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c5%\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e86\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u65b0\u897f\u5170\uff0c1%\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e86\u5357\u975e\u300212%\u7684\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u662f\u7531\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u548c\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u8bed\u51fa\u7248\u8005\u201c\u5185\u90e8\u201d\u51fa\u7248\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u8fdb\u5165\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u96be\u4ee5\u6e17\u900f\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u8bed\u8a00\u5e02\u573a\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0017\"><sup>seventeen<\/sup><\/a>\u5728\u5f97\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fb9\u7f18\u5230\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u5360\u4e86\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6700\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u8bb8\u591a\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u8c03\u89e3\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u5982Johan Heilbron\u5728\u4ed6\u5bf9\u672c\u671f\u7279\u520a\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u4e2d\u6240\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u5916\u56f4\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5f80\u5f80\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u8d44\u672c\u79ef\u7d2f\u548c\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5a01\u671b\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5730\u65b9<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0018\"><sup>eighteen<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81ea1998\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u6587\u5b66\u6d41\u6d3e\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4ee5\u513f\u7ae5\u6587\u5b66\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#f0004\">\u56fe4<\/a>). \u513f\u7ae5\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u5360\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u603b\u91cf\u768442%\uff08\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5e74330\u79cd\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7c7b\uff08\u6bcf\u5e74186\u79cd\uff09\u536033%\u3002\u975e\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7c7b\u56fe\u4e66\u536015%\uff08\u6bcf\u5e7484\u672c\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u8bd7\u6b4c\uff084%\uff1b\u6bcf\u5e7420\u672c\uff09\u3001\u5e73\u9762\u5c0f\u8bf4\/\u6f2b\u753b\uff082%\uff1b\u6bcf\u5e7411\u672c\uff09\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u6587\u5b66\uff082%\uff1b\u6bcf\u5e7410\u672c\uff09\u548c\u9009\u96c6\uff082%\uff1b\u6bcf\u5e749\u672c\uff09\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e24\u5927\u6d41\u6d3e\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4efd\u989d\u6709\u6240\u6ce2\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u6709\u5c0f\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u4ece2018\u5e74\u52302014\u5e74\uff0c\u975e\u6f2b\u753b\u7c7b\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ece\u96f6\u4e0a\u5347\u5230\u4e864%\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u975e\u6f2b\u753b\u7c7b\u4ece2018\u5e74\u768410%\u4e0a\u5347\u5230\u4e862014\u5e74\u76844%\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8bd7\u6b4c\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e2d\u6240\u5360\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4fdd\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u57284%\u5de6\u53f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe4\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u56fe\u4e66\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff081998-2018\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/na101\/home\/literatum\/publisher\/tandf\/journals\/content\/ydtc20\/2020\/ydtc20.v044.i02\/03096564.2020.1747006\/20200606\/images\/medium\/ydtc_a_1747006_f0004_oc.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#\">\u663e\u793a\u5168\u5c3a\u5bf8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_i11\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u52a9\u91d1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8d44\u52a9\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u5916\u4f20\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u56fe\u4e66\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u90fd\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u6301\u7684\uff1a\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4f53\u88c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u518d\u7248\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u672c\u8eab\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8865\u8d34\uff09\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb20\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u603b\u4f53\u8865\u8d34\u7387\u7565\u4f4e\u4e8e51%\u2014\u2014\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u6bcf2\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u5c31\u67091\u672c\u662f\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0019\"><sup>nineteen<\/sup><\/a>\u8bb8\u591a\u5916\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u52a9\u91d1\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u6765\u81ea\u8377\u5170\u548c\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u65af\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u5c06\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5371\u9669\u548c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u52a9\u91d1\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\u7684\uff1f\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u533a\u52061\uff09\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6388\u6743\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c2\uff09\u5176\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca3\uff09DFL\u548cFL\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u673a\u5236\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u5df2\u83b7\u5f97\u8377\u5170\u6216\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u8457\u4e66\u540d\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6743\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u53ef\u5206\u522b\u5411DFL\u6216FL\u7533\u8bf7\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u52a9\u91d1\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5916\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u7533\u8bf7\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u56fd\u7c4d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6765\u6e90\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u7684\u56fd\u7c4d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u6700\u521d\u662f\u5728\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u51fa\u7248\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u8377\u5170\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u56e0\u7d20\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u8bed\u8a00\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u3002\uff08\u6211\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6700\u540e\u56de\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u975e\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u5916\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u672c\u768460%\uff0c\u800c\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u6587\u5b66\u7ecf\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u672c\u5219\u4e3a100%\u3002\u8bd7\u6b4c\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u652f\u6301\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8865\u8d34\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u672c\u548c25%\u7684\u5236\u4f5c\u6210\u672c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6709\u63d2\u56fe\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u8bfb\u7269\u548c\u56fe\u753b\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8865\u52a9\u91d1\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8d39\u7528\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0e\u5236\u4f5c\u548c\u63a8\u5e7f\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u4ee5\u8377\u5170\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4f53\u88c1\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u8d34\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u672c\u768470%\uff0c\u5236\u4f5c\u8865\u8d34\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u53d1\u653e\u7684\u3002\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u7ecf\u5178\u4e2d\u201c\u7ecf\u5178\u201d\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684100%\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8d39\u7528\u90fd\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u65af\u3002\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u548c\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u8bed\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u9009\u96c6\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5206\u644a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u8865\u8d34\u91d1\u989d\u56e0\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u77ed\u800c\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u975e\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7c7b\u56fe\u4e662900\u6b27\u5143\uff0c\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7c7b\u56fe\u4e662500\u6b27\u5143\uff0c\u63d2\u56fe\u513f\u7ae5\u8bfb\u7269\u3001\u6f2b\u753b\u548c\u6f2b\u753b\u5c0f\u8bf41300\u6b27\u5143\uff0c\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0020\"><sup>twenty<\/sup><\/a>\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u8d34\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u9650\u989d\u4e3a8000\u6b27\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u52a9\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u63a7\u5236\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8bd1\u8005\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5f53\u5916\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u7533\u8bf7FL\u6216DFL\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6388\u6743\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e24\u4efd\u5408\u540c\u4f9b\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u5ba1\u67e5\uff1a\u4e0e\u6e90\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6743\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u8bd1\u8005\u7684\u5408\u540c\u3002\u5728\u53d1\u653e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u52a9\u91d1\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6743\u5229\u5408\u540c\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u63d0\u4ea4\u4eba\u5df2\u6279\u51c6\u51fa\u552e\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5bf9\u5408\u540c\u9879\u4e0b\u7684\u6743\u5229\u8d22\u4ea7\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c06\u5f81\u6c42\u4ed6\/\u5979\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0021\"><sup>twenty-one<\/sup><\/a>\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u8bd1\u8005\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u8bd1\u8005\u6240\u5728\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u63a7\u5236\u4f7f\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u8c08\u5224\u65bd\u52a0\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8c08\u5224\u901a\u5e38\u5206\u522b\u7559\u7ed9\u6e90\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u51fa\u7248\u5546\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76ee\u6807\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u548c\u8bd1\u8005\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5ba3\u79f0\u7684\u6539\u5584\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u8bd1\u8005\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_i12\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8d28\u91cf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8d28\u91cf\u6709\u5173\u3002\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u7684\u683c\u8a00\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u597d\u574f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8bd1\u6587\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u8bd1\u8005\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\u3002DFL\u548cFL\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u5fc3\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8d28\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u76f4\u63a5\u7eb3\u5165\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6388\u6743\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u8865\u8d34\uff0c\u5916\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5df2\u7ecf\u83b7\u5f97\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u4e4b\u4e00\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bd1\u8005\u613f\u610f\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u8bd1\u8005\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u6837\u672c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6837\u54c1\u88ab\u5224\u5b9a\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\uff08\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5177\u6709\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e66\u540d\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4e88\u53d1\u653e\u8865\u52a9\u91d1\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0022\"><sup>twenty-two<\/sup><\/a>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8bd1\u8005\u6700\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5bb6\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u62c5\u4fdd\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u627e\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0cDFL\u548cFL\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4eba\u624d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4fc3\u8fdb\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff08DFL\uff09\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u524d\u8eab\uff0c\u5373\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u800c\u611f\u5230\u6cae\u4e27(<em>Stichting ter Bevordering van de Vertaling van Nederlands Letterkundig Werk<\/em>\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1954\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u521b\u4f5c\u4e0e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff08Dutch Literature Production and Translation Foundation\uff09\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u66f4\u4e86\u89e3\u5e02\u573a\u3001\u66f4\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7(<em>Nederlands Literair Productie- en Vertalingenfonds<\/em>, NLPVF) in 1991.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0023\"><sup>twenty-three<\/sup><\/a>NLPVF\u5c06\u63d0\u9ad8\u6587\u5b66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8d28\u91cf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9996\u8981\u6218\u7565\u76ee\u6807\u30021992\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u5f00\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e00\u5bb6\u7ffb\u8bd1\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u6bcf\u6708\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u5bb9\u7eb36\u540d\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u3002\uff08FL\u5728\u5b89\u7279\u536b\u666e\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u5bb6\uff0c\u81ea2009\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff0c\u6bcf\u6708\u53ef\u5bb9\u7eb3\u4e24\u540d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52aa\u529b\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u8054\u76df\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8be5\u8054\u76df\u4ece1995\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u4e3a\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u30022001\u5e74\uff0c\u4e4c\u5f97\u52d2\u652f\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u9c81\u6c76\u5927\u5b66\u5171\u540c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u6587\u5b66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e13\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5fc3(<em>Expertisecentrum Literair Vertalen<\/em>\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f7f\u8377\u5170\u8bed\uff08\u548c\u8377\u5170\u8bed\uff09\u6587\u5b66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u3002\u7531\u4e8eDFL\/FL\u8ba4\u8bc1\u548cELV\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4eba\u5458\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u5236\u4f5c\u4e0d\u53d7\u8865\u8d34\u7684\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8865\u8d34\u7ffb\u8bd1\u53ea\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u52aa\u529b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u603b\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u5c65\u884c\u7740\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u804c\u80fd\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u8bd1\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u8054\u7cfb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6b63\u5f0f\u548c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u8bd1\u8005\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_i13\">\u6587\u5b66\u7d20\u8d28<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9664\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63a7\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\u5916\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u52a9\u91d1\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8be5\u4e66\u672c\u8eab\u6587\u5b66\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9FL\u7684\u63d0\u6848\uff08\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u63cf\u8ff0DFL\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u8bc4\u4f30\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6d41\u6d3e\u7684\u54a8\u8be2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5bf9FL\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\uff08\u56fd\u5185\uff09\u8d44\u52a9\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0024\"><sup>twenty-four<\/sup><\/a>\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u5176\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u79ef\u6781\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8fc7\u7684\u6807\u9898\u5c06\u81ea\u52a8\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u8d34\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u662f\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u62e8\u6b3e\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6d41\u6d3e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e66\u4ece\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u652f\u6301\u56fe\u4e66\u5e93\u4e2d\u88ab\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u63a8\u9500\u7ed9\u5916\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u3002\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5927\u5b66\u524d\u8d60\u6b3e\u7ecf\u7406Michiel Scharp\u00e9\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5927\u5b66\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u4e9b\u5934\u8854\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u63a8\u5e7f\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6587\u5b66\u7d20\u8d28\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684[\u6807\u51c6]\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u7ea0\u6b63\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u5ba3\u4f20\u5b83\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u6f5c\u529b\u3002[\u6d41\u6d3e]\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u91cc\uff08\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u505a\u6700\u540e\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u6700\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u51fa\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u65c5\u884c\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5934\u8854\u503c\u5f97\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u63a8\u5e7f\u5417\uff1f\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\uff08\u83b7\u5f97\u6210\u529f\uff09\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u60f3\u2018\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u4f20\u64ad\u2019\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u52aa\u529b\u5730\u63a8\u5e7f\u5b83\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\uff0c[\u6211\u4eec\u95ee\u81ea\u5df1]&amp;#39;\u5b83\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f\u2019.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0025\"><sup>twenty-five<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6218\u7565\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5916\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u52a9\u91d1\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u5916\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u6218\u7565\u90e8\u7f72\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0026\"><sup>twenty-six<\/sup><\/a>\u5c31\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4ece\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5916\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8d44\u52a9\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5c06\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u201d\u7684\u4e66\u540d\u4ea4\u7ed9\u201c\u5408\u9002\u7684\u201d\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u62e8\u6b3e\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u76f4\u89c9\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5b66\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u90a3\u6837\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0027\"><sup>twenty-seven<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81f3\u4e8e\u8bf4<em>\u52a8\u673a<\/em>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u6458\u81ea\u300a2011-2015\u5e74\u5916\u8bed\u6559\u5b66\u653f\u7b56\u8ba1\u5212\u300b\u7684\u8282\u9009\u7528\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u5373\u5c06\u53d1\u653e\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u52a9\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5546\u4e1a\u4e0a\u8106\u5f31\u4f46\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u6d41\u6d3e\uff0c\u5982\u8bd7\u6b4c\u3001\u6563\u6587\u3001\u620f\u5267\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u7ecf\u5178\uff0c\u6b63\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56fe\u4e66\u5e02\u573a\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u548c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5e93\u5b58\u8fc7\u5269\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u56fe\u4e66\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u7f29\u77ed\u4e86\u56fe\u4e66\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e66\u540d\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0028\"><sup>twenty-eight<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\uff08DFL\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u90fd\u8ba4\u540c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff09\uff0cFL\u624d\u90e8\u7f72\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1FL\u7406\u89e3\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u53d7\u5230\u5168\u7403\u5e02\u573a\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\uff08\u56fd\u5bb6\uff09\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u5236\u5b9a\u5176\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u4e0e\u590f\u666e\u7684\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bc4\u8bba\u76f8\u547c\u5e94\uff0cFL\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u5e02\u573a\u4fee\u6b63\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[FL]\u4ee5\u7ea0\u6b63\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u4f9b\u5e94\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u79ef\u6781\u652f\u6301\u521b\u9020\u548c\uff08\u518d\uff09\u751f\u4ea7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4ef7\u503c\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u4e3e\u63aa\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0029\"><sup>twenty-nine<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5927\u5b66\u660e\u767d\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4f7f\u547d\u662f\u7d27\u5bc6\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5185\u5728\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u58f0\u660e\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u65e8\u5728\u4fdd\u62a4\u53d7\u5230\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u529b\u91cf\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u975e\u5546\u4e1a\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u8bd5\u56fe\u7ea0\u6b63\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u6015\u548c\u8f83\u5c11\u5e72\u6d89\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u660e\u786e\u5730\u5c06\u201c\u4f9b\u7ed9\u65b9\u201d\u5217\u4e3a\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u5bf9\u5916\u7ffb\u8bd1\u62e8\u6b3e\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5916\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u5546\uff0c\u201c\u5e02\u573a\u4fee\u6b63\u201d\u653f\u7b56\u751a\u81f3\u4f3c\u4e4e\u60f3\u8981\u8fd9\u6837\u505a<em>\u6760\u6746\u4f5c\u7528<\/em>\u5168\u7403\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a8\u52a8\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u4e66\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u89c4\u5b9a\u54ea\u79cd\u7406\u7531\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6216\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u9002\u5408\u63cf\u8ff0\u5916\u56fd\u8bed\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u7b56\uff08\u6216\u8005\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u7684DFL\uff09\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cc\u91cd\u903b\u8f91\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5171\u5b58\u662f\u6700\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u8bed\u548c\u8377\u5170\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8d44\u52a9\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e00\u672c\u6765\u81ea\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u65af\u6216\u8377\u5170\u7684\u4e66\u6d41\u4f20\u751a\u5e7f\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u7684\u7545\u9500\u4e66\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0cFL\u8bf4\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u652f\u6301\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u5728\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u201d\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0030\"><sup>thirty<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u52a9\u91d1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u51fa\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u768420\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u8865\u8d34\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5360\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u603b\u91cf\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5927\u5e45\u4e0a\u5347(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#f0005\">\u56fe5<\/a>)\uff1a1998\u5e74\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u8bd1\u4f5c\u83b7\u5f97\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u8d34\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0823%\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u57282018\u5e74\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd1\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e09\uff0873%\uff09\u7684\u8bd1\u4f5c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4ece2018\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u88ab\u8865\u8d34\u7684\u4e66\u540d\u4ece1998\u5e74\u76843169\u79cd\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u4e861998\u5e74\u7684317\u79cd\u30022016\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f\u4e66\u5c55\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f17\u5170\u5fb7\u65af\u548c\u8377\u5170\u8363\u8a89\u5609\u5bbe\u4e4b\u5e74\uff0c\u6709443\u79cd\u56fe\u4e66\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u8d34\uff08\u5176\u4e2d124\u79cd\u4e3a\u5fb7\u8bed\uff09\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#en0031\"><sup>thirty-one<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe5\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u56fe\u4e66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u8d34\u5360\u603b\u6570\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff08\u4ec5\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/na101\/home\/literatum\/publisher\/tandf\/journals\/content\/ydtc20\/2020\/ydtc20.v044.i02\/03096564.2020.1747006\/20200606\/images\/medium\/ydtc_a_1747006_f0005_oc.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03096564.2020.1747006#\">\u663e\u793a\u5168\u5c3a\u5bf8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_i15\">\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u8bed\u5185\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u4e0e\u8bed\u9645\u8fc1\u79fb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6765\u81ea\u8377\u5170\u548c\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u65af\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u6bd4\u4ee5\u5f80\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u8981\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bd1\u672c\u4ee5\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5230\u8fbe\u8bfb\u8005\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u5fb7\u8bed\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8fdb\u53e3\u56fd\uff0c\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u548c\u6cd5\u8bed\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\uff08\u5c11\u91cf\uff09\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u5916\u56f4\u201d\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u4e1c\u6b27\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u201c\u4e1c\u884c\u201d\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5468\u8fb9\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u5308\u7259\u5229\u8bed\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u8bed\u3001\u6377\u514b\u8bed\u3001\u4fc4\u8bed\u3001\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u8bed\u548c\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u8bed\uff09\u7ea6\u5360\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6db5\u76d6\u768420\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u65af\u6587\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u786e\u7acb\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u8377\u5170\u548c\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u56fe\u4e66\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u3001\u8bd1\u8005\uff09\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4e2d\u4ecb\u673a\u6784\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u8868\u660e\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u548c\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u8bed\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4ecd\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u8d70\u51fa\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u5730\u533a\u3002\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5c24\u5176\u5982\u6b64\uff1a\u81ea1998\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u6570\u91cf\u57fa\u672c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u6765\u81ea\u8377\u5170\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u60c5\u51b5\u8981\u597d\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a<em>\u8bed\u5185<\/em>\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u52a8\u6001\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6d41\u4e2d\uff1f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u653f\u7b56\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff1f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u65af\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u52a9\u91d1\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u5916\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u51b3\u7b56\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3001\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb20\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c4904\u4e2a\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u672c\u4f1a\u51fa\u7248\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u4e24\u4e2a\u6700\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u51fa\u7248\u5546Turbine\uff08\u4e39\u9ea6\u8bed\uff09\u548cProtea 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class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_i17\">\u62ab\u9732\u58f0\u660e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63d0\u4ea4\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u62a5\u544a\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b14\u8bb0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1. See Heilbron and sapiro, transition; and sapiro, ow do literal works cross borders (or not)? 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. See Apter, \u2018On Translation\u2019; De Swaan,<em>\u4e16\u754c\u8bed<\/em>Franssen\u548cKuipers\uff0c\u201c\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u201d\uff1bHeilbron\uff0c\u201c\u5e94\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u5316\u201d\uff1bLuey\uff0c\u201c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5316\u201d\uff1bM\u00e9litz\uff0c\u201c\u82f1\u8bed\u4f18\u52bf\u201d\uff1bSapiro\uff0c<em>Translatio<\/em>&nbsp;; and sapiro, globalization and cultural diversity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Heilbron, holmium ederlandse vertalingen Wereldwijd, Heilbron, owards a sociology of translation, and Heilbron, e Weg naar wereldroem<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4\u8fbe\u59c6\u7f57\u65af\u514b\uff0c<em>\u6bd4\u8f83\u6587\u732e<\/em>226\u5e74\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u7531Damrosch\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4eb2\u548c\u529b\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\u505a\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6316\u6398\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4<em>\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4f1a\u56fd\u9645\u4e66\u76ee<\/em>\u201c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u65b9\u9762\u8fd8\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u591f\u201d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6837\u672c\u8fd8\u662f\u5177\u6709\u6307\u793a\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5\u548c\u8428\u76ae\u7f57\uff0c382\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6. Van Baelen,<em>1 + 1 = zelden 2<\/em>&nbsp;, 35.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7\u5e03\u5170\u5fb7\u65af\uff0c\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b66\u300b\uff0c63\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8\u89c1\u5fb7\u65af\u4e07\uff0c\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u8a00\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\uff1b\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u8bed\u8a00\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\uff1b\u548c\u540c\u4e0a\u3002<em>\u4e16\u754c\u8bed<\/em>&nbsp;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>9\u5361\u8428\u8bfa\u74e6\u548c\u743c\u65af\uff0c\u201c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4e3b\u5bfc\u8bed\u8a00\uff1f&amp;#39;380\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10\u91cc\u592b\u5bf9\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u8c03\u4f83\u59cb\u4e8e1951\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8377\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u6388\u4e88\u4ed6\u4e00\u7b14\u65c5\u6e38\u8865\u52a9\u91d1\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5199\u4e2d\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4<em>\u5fe7\u90c1\u75c7<\/em>\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u3002\u5f53\u90e8\u957f\u5f97\u77e5\u624b\u6deb\u4e00\u4e8b\u540e\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u64a4\u9500\u4e86\u5bf9\u624b\u6deb\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff08\u90e8\u5206\uff1f\uff09\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7956\u56fd\u6e3a\u5c0f\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u96f7\u7ef4\u6539\u7528\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u7559\u5728\u4e86\u4f26\u6566\u30021956\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u51fa\u7248\u4e86<em>\u6742\u6280\u6f14\u5458\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6545\u4e8b<\/em>\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7528\u82f1\u8bed\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u8377\u5170\u3002\u4ed6\u786e\u5b9e\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u4e0e\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u628a\u8bb8\u591a\u620f\u5267\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u8377\u5170\u8bed\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<em>\u770b\u95e8\u4eba<\/em>\u54c8\u7f57\u5fb7\u00b7\u54c1\u7279\u548c<em>\u8c01\u5bb3\u6015\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u00b7\u4f0d\u5c14\u592b\uff1f<\/em>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u963f\u5c14\u6bd4\u3002\u53c2\u89c1Raat\uff0c\u300a\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u904f\u5236\u300b\uff0c190-196\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5417<a href=\"https:\/\/letterenfonds.secure.force.com\/vertalingendatabase\/search\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/letterenfonds.secure.force.com\/vertalingendatabase\/search<\/a>&nbsp;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>12\u6211\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5de5\u4f5c\u624b\u518c\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u8981\u6c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>13Heilbron\u548cVan Es\uff0c\u9225\u6983ereldrepubliek\uff0c\u9225\u4f7f\u7528DFL\/FL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>14\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6027\u522b\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u5426\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6807\u9898\u65f6\u7684\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6e90\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u8bd1\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u522b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6bd4\u4e0d\u5728\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u4ee5\u5916\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u975e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e66\u540d\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e73\u7b49\uff1b\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u6027\u522b\u5e73\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u63a2\u7d22\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>15. Van Bockstal,<em>Landschapstekening Letteren<\/em>&nbsp;, 47.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>16\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u5341\u4e2a\u540e\u82cf\u8054\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u533a\u57df\u6027\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>17\u5269\u4e0b\u76844%\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u5176\u4ed619\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u5404\u5360\u4e00\u534a\uff08\u54049\u4e2a\u51a0\u519b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>18\u6d77\u4f2f\u4f26\uff0c\u300a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e16\u754c\u58f0\u8a89\u300b\uff0c245-253\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>19\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f46\u6d77\u5c14\u5e03\u6717\u548c\u8303\u00b7\u57c3\u65af\uff08Van Es\uff0951\u5c81\u7684\u97e6\u5c14\u5fb7\u96f7\u666e\u96f7\u8036\u514b\uff08Wereldrubleek\uff09\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6bcf\u5e74\u4ece\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u603b\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u670910%\u523020%\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u52a9\u91d1\u3002\u201d\u3002\u636e\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0cDFL\/FL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6807\u9898\u672a\u7ecf\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>20\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eVan Bockstal\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c<em>Jaarverslag 2015<\/em>39-47\u5c81\uff1b\u4f69\u96f7\u65af\uff0c<em>Jaarverslag 2015<\/em>&nbsp;, 49\u201357.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>21\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u8377\u5170\u548c\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0e\u5916\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u3002\u6b63\u5982Clavis\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7248\u6743\u7ecf\u7406Rose Janssens\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u91c7\u8bbf\u4e2d\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6bcf\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u4e0e\u6211\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\uff08\u5916\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u5546\uff09\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u6211\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u8054\u7cfb\u3002[\u2026]\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e00\u5e74\u670910\u672c\u65b0\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f60\u60f3\u51fa\u552e\uff08\u7248\u6743\uff09\u65f6\u90fd\u8981\u5f81\u6c42\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u540c\u610f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u82b1\u5728\u4e0e\u4f5c\u8005\u4ea4\u8c08\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e5f\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u6211\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u671f\u671b\u3002\u201d\uff082019\u5e742\u670822\u65e5\u91c7\u8bbf\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>22\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6700\u591a\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u827e\u5c14\u8096\u7279\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u82f1\u6587\u8bd1\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u6b64<em>Kaas<\/em>. \u51fa\u7248\u5546\uff0c\u963f\u5c14\u739b\u56fe\u4e66\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u575a\u6301\u5176\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5bb6\uff0c\u6851\u5fb7\u4f2f\u683c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u6837\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5927\u5b66\u4e0e\u8d60\u6b3e\u7533\u8bf7\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\uff0c<em>\u5976\u916a<\/em>\uff0c\u4e8e2016\u5e7410\u6708\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u672a\u7ecfFL\u652f\u6301\u3002\u7ffb\u8bd1\u662f\u5426\u516c\u6b63\u5730\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e86\u5176\u4e30\u5bcc\u591a\u5f69\u7684\u539f\u8457\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u65af\u00b7\u83b1\u624e\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u2026\u2026\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u4e66\u5199<em>\u536b\u62a5<\/em>On 14 March 2017, he reported that the translation read &amp;#34;imperfectly enough&amp;#34; and that &amp;#34;you get the impression that all the human in the original has been safely transmitted<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>23\u6d77\u5c14\u5e03\u9686\u548c\u8303\u00b7\u57c3\u65af\uff0c\u97e6\u5c14\u5fb7\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c45\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>24\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u52a9\u91d1\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>25. Interview with Michiel Scharp\u00e9, 30 November 2017, [all translations are my own. Original: \u2018Literaire kwaliteit is belangrijkst, dus het moet literaire kwaliteit hebben. Als het dat niet heeft dan vinden wij het onze taak niet, als culturele instantie die markt-corrigerend moet werken, om die boeken te promoten. Dus die literaire kwaliteit moet er zijn maar daarna spelen andere dingen mee. We gaan kijken naar het buitenlandpotentieel. En daar kunnen de commissies ook een aanzet toe geven, maar dat bekijken we toch met de mensen die hier [in de buitenlandcel] werken zelf omdat wij daar het meest ervaring mee hebben en het het beste kunnen inschatten. Ehm,<em>\u4e66\u53ef\u4ee5\u65c5\u884c<\/em>? Denken we dat dit, ja, verdient dit [boek] het om in het buitenland gepromoot te worden en zou het ook een kans maken? En dat is een beetje een persoonlijke aanvoelen. Ehm, en natuurlijk soms ook kan je overtuigd zijn van, \u201cdat boek zal misschien niet zo makkelijk travellen\u201d maar we zijn ervan overtuigd dat het zou kunnen en dan moeten we er net extra inspanningen voor doen. Maar we kijken wel van: \u201ckan dit boek gepromoot worden?\u201d Misschien niet in elk land, misschien niet overal, maar waar zou het aanslaan?\u2019].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>26\u9ea6\u514b\u9a6c\u6c40\uff0c&amp;#39;\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684\uff0c\u65e0\u56fd\u7c4d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c&amp;#39;145-175\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>27\u53c2\u89c1Heilbron\u548cSapiro\uff0c\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u6587\u5316\u8f6c\u79fb\u201d\uff0c183-208\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>28. Van Baelen,<em>Meerjarenplan 2011\u20132015<\/em>, 9, [\u2018Het betere literaire fictieboek en andere economisch zwakkere maar cultureel waardevolle minderheidgenres zoals po\u00ebzie, essayistiek, theaterliteratuur en literaire klassiekers, komen in de verdrukking. Dat is een gevolg van de industrialisering en de globalisering van de boekensector met het toenemende belang van bestsellers, de druk op de marges vanuit inkoopconcentraties, de dalende prijsperceptie bij de consument die de vraagprijs drukt, de verkorting van de levenscyclus van een boek en de sterke groei van het titelaanbod.\u2019].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>29. Ibid., [\u2018Het VFL werkt marktcorrigerend \u2013 vooral aan de aanbodzijde \u2013 dankzij regelingen en initiatieven die de creatie en de (re)productie van de (economisch) bedreigde kwaliteitsliteratuur en cultureel waardevolle boekproducten actief ondersteunen.\u2019].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>30. Van Bockstal, \u2018Buitenlandbeleid,\u2019 5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>31\u9ea6\u514b\u9a6c\u6c40\uff0c\u300a\u8377\u5170\u5230\u5fb7\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u300b\uff0c50-72\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Apter,EHolmium\u8bba\u5168\u7403\u5316\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1. holmium<em>\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316<\/em>13\u53f7\uff0c1\u53f7(two thousand and one&nbsp;):oneHolmiumtwelve. doi:&nbsp;10.1215\/08992363-13-1-1&nbsp;.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/servlet\/linkout?suffix=cit0001&amp;dbid=16&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;key=10.1215%2F08992363-13-1-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Crossref]<\/a>&nbsp;,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/servlet\/linkout?suffix=cit0001&amp;dbid=128&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;key=000167872100002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u79d1\u5b66\u7f51\u00ae]<\/a>&nbsp;,<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2001&amp;pages=1-12&amp;issue=1&amp;author=E.+Apter&amp;title=On+Translation+in+a+Global+Market\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>\u5e03\u5170\u5fb7\u65af\uff0cGHolmium\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b66\u201c\u5728<em>\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b66\uff1a\u8bfb\u8005<\/em>\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91TD\u2019haen\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\uff0ctwenty-threeHolmiumtwenty-seven&nbsp;.\u4f26\u6566\u548c\u7ebd\u7ea6&nbsp;:\u52b3\u7279\u5229\u5947&nbsp;,&nbsp;[1899] 2013&nbsp;.<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=%5B1899%5D+2013&amp;pages=23-27&amp;author=G.+Brandes&amp;title=World+Literature\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>\u5361\u8428\u8bfa\u74e6\uff0cP\uff0c\u548cM\u743c\u65af. holmium\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4e3b\u5bfc\u8bed\u8a00\uff1f\u8d3e\u79d1\u83ab\u00b7\u5229\u5965\u5e15\u8fea\uff1a\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6. holmium<em>\u65b0\u6587\u5b66\u53f2<\/em>44\u53f7\uff0c3\u53f7(two thousand and thirteen&nbsp;):three hundred and seventy-nineHolmiumthree hundred and ninety-nine. doi:10.1353\/nlh.2013.0028&nbsp;.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/servlet\/linkout?suffix=cit0003&amp;dbid=16&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;key=10.1353%2Fnlh.2013.0028\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Crossref]<\/a>&nbsp;,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/servlet\/linkout?suffix=cit0003&amp;dbid=128&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;key=000326484000004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u79d1\u5b66\u7f51\u00ae]<\/a>&nbsp;,<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;pages=379-399&amp;issue=3&amp;author=P.+Casanova&amp;author=M.+Jones&amp;title=What+Is+a+Dominant+Language%3F+Giacomo+Leopardi%3A+Theoretician+of+Linguistic+Inequality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>\u8fbe\u59c6\u7f57\u65af\u514b\uff0cD<em>\u6587\u5b66\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a\u5168\u7403\u5316\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76<\/em>&nbsp;.\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66&nbsp;:\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e&nbsp;,two thousand and twenty&nbsp;.<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=D.+Damrosch&amp;title=+Comparing+the+Literatures%3A+Literary+Studies+in+a+Global+Age+\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>De Swaan,AHolmium\u65b0\u5174\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u8a00\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bfc\u8bba. holmium<em>\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8bc4\u8bba<\/em>14\u53f7\uff0c3\u53f7(one thousand nine hundred and ninety-three&nbsp;):two hundred and nineteenHolmiumtwo hundred and twenty-six. doi:&nbsp;10.1177\/019251219301400301&nbsp;.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/servlet\/linkout?suffix=cit0005&amp;dbid=16&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;key=10.1177%2F019251219301400301\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Crossref]<\/a>&nbsp;,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/servlet\/linkout?suffix=cit0005&amp;dbid=128&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;key=A1993LM18400001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u79d1\u5b66\u7f51\u00ae]<\/a>&nbsp;,<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=1993&amp;pages=219-226&amp;issue=3&amp;author=A.+De+Swaan&amp;title=The+Emergent+World+Language+System%3A+An+Introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>De Swaan,AHolmium\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u8bed\u8a00\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u4ea4\u9645\u6f5c\u529b\u4e0e\u8bed\u8a00\u7ade\u4e89\u7406\u8bba. holmium<em>\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8bc4\u8bba<\/em>14\u53f7\uff0c3\u53f7(one thousand nine hundred and ninety-three&nbsp;):two hundred and forty-oneHolmium&nbsp;two hundred and fifty-five. doi:&nbsp;10.1177\/019251219301400303&nbsp;.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/servlet\/linkout?suffix=cit0006&amp;dbid=16&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;key=10.1177%2F019251219301400303\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Crossref]<\/a>&nbsp;,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/servlet\/linkout?suffix=cit0006&amp;dbid=128&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;key=A1993LM18400003\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u79d1\u5b66\u7f51\u00ae]<\/a>&nbsp;,<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=1993&amp;pages=241-255&amp;issue=3&amp;author=A.+De+Swaan&amp;title=The+Evolving+European+Language+System%3A+A+Theory+of+Communication+Potential+and+Language+Competition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>De Swaan,A<em>\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\uff1a\u5168\u7403\u8bed\u8a00\u7cfb\u7edf<\/em>&nbsp;.\u5251\u6865&nbsp;:\u653f\u4f53\u51fa\u7248\u793e&nbsp;,two thousand and one&nbsp;.<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2001&amp;author=A.+De+Swaan&amp;title=+Words+of+the+World%3A+The+Global+Language+System+\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>Franssen,T\uff0c\u548cG\u67ef\u4f0a\u4f2f\u4eba. holmium\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\uff1a\u8377\u5170\u91c7\u8d2d\u7f16\u8f91\u5728\u5168\u7403\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b. holmium<em>\u8bd7\u5b66<\/em>41\u53f7\uff0c1\u53f7(two thousand and thirteen&nbsp;):forty-eightHolmiumseventy-four. doi:10.1016\/j.Positive.2012.11.001&nbsp;.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/servlet\/linkout?suffix=cit0008&amp;dbid=16&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;key=10.1016%2Fj.poetic.2012.11.001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Crossref]<\/a>&nbsp;,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/servlet\/linkout?suffix=cit0008&amp;dbid=128&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;key=000316037200003\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u79d1\u5b66\u7f51\u00ae]<\/a>&nbsp;,<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;pages=48-74&amp;issue=1&amp;author=T.+Franssen&amp;author=G.+Kuipers&amp;title=Coping+with+Uncertainty%2C+Abundance+and+Strife%3A+Decision-Making+Processes+of+Dutch+Acquisition+Editors+in+the+Global+Market+for+Translations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>\u6d77\u5c14\u5e03\u6717\uff0cJHolmiumNederlandse vertalingen wereldwijd. Kleine landen en culturele mondialisering\u201c\u5728<em>Waarin een klein land. Nederlandse cultuur in internationaal verband<\/em>\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91Wde Nooy&nbsp;,WTichelaar\uff0c\u548cJ\u6d77\u5c14\u5e03\u6717&nbsp;,two hundred and sixHolmiumtwo hundred and fifty-three&nbsp;.\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39&nbsp;:\u666e\u7f57\u7c73\u4fee\u65af&nbsp;,one thousand nine hundred and ninety-five&nbsp;.<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=1995&amp;pages=206-253&amp;author=J.+Heilbron&amp;title=Nederlandse+vertalingen+wereldwijd.+Kleine+landen+en+culturele+mondialisering\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>\u6d77\u5c14\u5e03\u6717\uff0cJHolmium\u8d70\u5411\u7ffb\u8bd1\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u4e16\u754c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u7ffb\u8bd1. holmium<em>\u6b27\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u6742\u5fd7<\/em>2\u53f7\uff0c4\u53f7(one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine&nbsp;):four hundred and twenty-nineHolmiumfour hundred and forty-four&nbsp;.<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=1999&amp;pages=429-444&amp;issue=4&amp;author=J.+Heilbron&amp;title=Towards+a+Sociology+of+Translation%3A+Book+Translations+as+a+Cultural+World-System\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>\u6d77\u5c14\u5e03\u6717\uff0cJHolmium\u5e94\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u5316\uff1a\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u8377\u5170\u56fe\u4e66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u201c\u5728<em>\u8d85\u8d8a\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u7eaa\u5ff5\u5409\u8fea\u6069\u00b7\u56fe\u91cc\u7684\u8c03\u67e5<\/em>\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91APym&nbsp;,MShlesinger\uff0c\u548cDSimeoni&nbsp;,one hundred and eighty-sevenHolmiumone hundred and ninety-seven&nbsp;.\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u548c\u8d39\u57ce&nbsp;:John Benjamins&nbsp;,two thousand and eight&nbsp;.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/servlet\/linkout?suffix=cit0011&amp;dbid=16&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;key=10.1075%2Fbtl.75.15hei\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Crossref]<\/a>&nbsp;,<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;pages=187-197&amp;author=J.+Heilbron&amp;title=Responding+to+Globalization%3A+The+Development+of+Book+Translations+in+France+and+the+Netherlands\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>\u6d77\u5c14\u5e03\u6717\uff0cJHolmiumDe weg naar wereldroem\u201c\u5728<em>Cultuur en Ongelijkheid<\/em>\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91CBrinkgreve&nbsp;,MVan Den Haak&nbsp;,J\u6d77\u5c14\u5e03\u6717\uff0c\u548cG\u67ef\u4f0a\u4f2f\u4eba&nbsp;,two hundred and sixty-oneHolmiumtwo hundred and sixty-eight&nbsp;.Diemen&nbsp;:Uitgeverij AMB&nbsp;,two thousand and eleven&nbsp;.<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;pages=261-268&amp;author=J.+Heilbron&amp;title=De+weg+naar+wereldroem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>\u6d77\u5c14\u5e03\u6717\uff0cJHolmium\u4ece\u5916\u56f4\u83b7\u5f97\u4e16\u754c\u58f0\u8a89<em>\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u8de8\u56fd\u8f68\u8ff9<\/em>\uff0c\u7531Elke Brems\u3001Theresia Feldmann\u3001Orsolya R\u00e9thelyi\u548cTon van Kalmthout\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u7279\u520a<em>\u8377\u5170\u5f0f\u7a7f\u8d8a<\/em>44\u53f7\uff0c2\u53f7(two thousand and twenty&nbsp;): 136\u2013144.<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=J.+Heilbron&amp;title=Obtaining+World+Fame+from+the+Periphery%2C%E2%80%9D+in+Transnational+Trajectories+of+Dutch+Literature+\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>\u6d77\u5c14\u5e03\u6717\uff0cJ\uff0c\u548cGSapiro. holmium\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u89c6\u89d2\u201c\u5728<em>\u5e15\u5c14\u683c\u96f7\u592b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u624b\u518c<\/em>\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u4e94Ginsburgh\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u97e6\u4f2f&nbsp;,three hundred and seventy-threeHolmiumfour hundred and two&nbsp;.\u8d1d\u8f9b\u65af\u6258\u514b&nbsp;:\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u5170\u683c\u96f7\u592b&nbsp;,two thousand and sixteen&nbsp;.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/servlet\/linkout?suffix=cit0014&amp;dbid=16&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;key=10.1007%2F978-1-137-32505-1_14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Crossref]<\/a>&nbsp;,<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;pages=373-402&amp;author=J.+Heilbron&amp;author=G.+Sapiro&amp;title=Translation%3A+Economic+and+Sociological+Perspectives\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>\u6d77\u5c14\u5e03\u6717\uff0cJ\uff0c\u548cGSapiro. holmium\u7ffb\u8bd1\u653f\u6cbb\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u6587\u5316\u8f6c\u79fb\u201c\u5728<em>\u6587\u5316\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u4ecb\uff1f<\/em>\u7f16\u8f91DRoig-Sanz\u548cRMeylaerts&nbsp;,one hundred and eighty-threeHolmiumtwo hundred and eight&nbsp;.\u4f26\u6566&nbsp;:\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u5170\u683c\u96f7\u592b&nbsp;,two thousand and eighteen&nbsp;.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/servlet\/linkout?suffix=cit0015&amp;dbid=16&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;key=10.1007%2F978-3-319-78114-3_7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Crossref]<\/a>&nbsp;,<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;pages=183-208&amp;author=J.+Heilbron&amp;author=G.+Sapiro&amp;title=The+Politics+of+Translation%3A+How+States+Shape+Cultural+Transfers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>\u6d77\u5c14\u5e03\u6717\uff0cJ\uff0c\u548cEvan Nicky. holmiumIn de wereldrepubliek der letteren\u201c\u5728<em>Nederlandse kunst in de wereld. Literatuur, achitectuur en beeldende kunst, 1980\u20132013<\/em>\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91TBevers&nbsp;,BColenbrander&nbsp;,J\u6d77\u5c14\u5e03\u6717\uff0c\u548cNWilterdink&nbsp;,twentyHolmiumfifty-four&nbsp;.\u5948\u6885\u6839&nbsp;:Vantilt&nbsp;,two thousand and fifteen&nbsp;.<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;pages=20-54&amp;author=J.+Heilbron&amp;author=E.+van+Nicky&amp;title=In+de+wereldrepubliek+der+letteren\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>Luey,BHolmium\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u56fd\u9645\u5316. holmium<em>\u51fa\u7248\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u520a<\/em>16\u53f7\uff0c4\u53f7(two thousand and one&nbsp;):forty-oneHolmiumforty-nine. doi:1007.001-2109\u53f7&nbsp;.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/servlet\/linkout?suffix=cit0017&amp;dbid=16&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;key=10.1007%2Fs12109-001-0014-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Crossref]<\/a>&nbsp;,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/servlet\/linkout?suffix=cit0017&amp;dbid=128&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;key=000167893200005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u79d1\u5b66\u7f51\u00ae]<\/a>&nbsp;,<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2001&amp;pages=41-49&amp;issue=4&amp;author=B.+Luey&amp;title=Translation+and+the+Internationalization+of+Culture\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>\u9ea6\u514b\u9a6c\u6c40\uff0cJHolmium\u8de8\u56fd\u6781\u70b9\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e0e\u8377\u5fb7\u6587\u5b66\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a2016\u5e74\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f\u4e66\u5c55\u8363\u8a89\u5609\u5bbe\u5f15\u8350\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7814\u7a76. holmium<em>\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7<\/em>7\u53f7\uff0c2\u53f7(two thousand and sixteen&nbsp;):fiftyHolmiumseventy-two&nbsp;.<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;pages=50-72&amp;issue=2&amp;author=J.+McMartin&amp;title=Transnational+Pole+Coherence+and+Dutch-to-German+Literary+Transfer%3A+A+Study+of+Book+Translations+Published+in+the+Lead-Up+to+the+Guest+of+Honourship+at+the+2016+Frankfurt+Book+Fair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>\u9ea6\u514b\u9a6c\u6c40\uff0cJHolmium\u4e16\u754c\u56fe\u4e66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u56fd\u7c4d\u5c0f\u56fd\uff1a\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u6587\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u653f\u7b56. holmium<em>TTR<\/em>32\u53f7\uff0c1\u53f7(two thousand and twenty&nbsp;):one hundred and forty-fiveHolmiumone hundred and seventy-five. doi:10.7202\/1068017ar&nbsp;.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/servlet\/linkout?suffix=cit0019&amp;dbid=16&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;key=10.7202%2F1068017ar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Crossref]<\/a>&nbsp;,<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;pages=145-175&amp;issue=1&amp;author=J.+McMartin&amp;title=A+Small%2C+Stateless+Nation+in+the+World+Market+for+Book+Translations%3A+The+Politics+and+Policies+of+the+Flemish+Literature+Fund\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>\u6885\u5229\u8328JHolmium\u82f1\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u798f\u5229\u7684\u5f71\u54cd. holmium<em>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6742\u5fd7<\/em>64\u53f7\uff0c2\u53f7(two thousand and seven&nbsp;):one hundred and ninety-threeHolmiumtwo hundred and fifteen. doi:10.1016\/j.jebo.2006.10.003&nbsp;.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/servlet\/linkout?suffix=cit0020&amp;dbid=16&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;key=10.1016%2Fj.jebo.2006.10.003\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Crossref]<\/a>&nbsp;,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/servlet\/linkout?suffix=cit0020&amp;dbid=128&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;key=000250271000001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u79d1\u5b66\u7f51\u00ae]<\/a>&nbsp;,<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;pages=193-215&amp;issue=2&amp;author=J.+M%C3%A9litz&amp;title=The+Impact+of+English+Dominance+on+Literature+and+Welfare\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>Perez,T<em>Jaarverslag 2015<\/em>&nbsp;.\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39&nbsp;:\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a&nbsp;,two thousand and sixteen&nbsp;.<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=T.+Perez&amp;title=+Jaarverslag+2015+\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>Raat,G\u3001 F.HHolmium\u63a7\u5236\u6df7\u4e71\u3002\u6770\u62c9\u5fb7\u00b7\u91cc\u592b\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1. holmium<em>\u4f4e\u5730\u56fd\u5bb6<\/em>&nbsp;8 (two thousand&nbsp;):one hundred and ninetyHolmiumone hundred and ninety-six&nbsp;.<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2000&amp;pages=190-196&amp;author=G.+F.+H.+Raat&amp;title=The+Containment+of+Chaos.+The+Work+of+Gerard+Reve\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>Sapiro,G<em>\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u65f6\u4ee3\u6cd5\u56fd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5e02\u573a<\/em>&nbsp;.\u5df4\u9ece&nbsp;:CNRS Editions&nbsp;,two thousand and eight&nbsp;.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/servlet\/linkout?suffix=cit0023&amp;dbid=16&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;key=10.4000%2Fbooks.editionscnrs.9468\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Crossref]<\/a>&nbsp;,<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=G.+Sapiro&amp;title=+Translatio%3A+Le+march%C3%A9+de+la+traduction+en+France+%C3%A0+l%E2%80%99heure+de+la+mondialisation+\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>Sapiro,GHolmium\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e0e\u56fe\u4e66\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff1a\u4ee5\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u4f8b. holmium<em>\u8bd7\u5b66<\/em>38\u53f7\uff0c4\u53f7(two thousand and ten&nbsp;):four hundred and nineteenHolmiumfour hundred and thirty-nine. doi:10.1016\/j.Positive.2010.05.001&nbsp;.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/servlet\/linkout?suffix=cit0024&amp;dbid=16&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;key=10.1016%2Fj.poetic.2010.05.001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Crossref]<\/a>&nbsp;,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/servlet\/linkout?suffix=cit0024&amp;dbid=128&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;key=000281391000004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u79d1\u5b66\u7f51\u00ae]<\/a>&nbsp;,<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;pages=419-439&amp;issue=4&amp;author=G.+Sapiro&amp;title=Globalization+and+Cultural+Diversity+in+the+Book+Market%3A+The+Case+of+Literary+Translations+in+the+US+and+in+France\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>Sapiro,GHolmium\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u5982\u4f55\u8de8\u8d8a\u56fd\u754c\uff1f\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76. holmium<em>\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7<\/em>1\u53f7\uff0c1\u53f7(two thousand and sixteen&nbsp;):eighty-oneHolmiumninety-six. doi:&nbsp;10.1163\/24056480-00101009&nbsp;.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/servlet\/linkout?suffix=cit0025&amp;dbid=16&amp;doi=10.1080%2F03096564.2020.1747006&amp;key=10.1163%2F24056480-00101009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Crossref]<\/a>&nbsp;,<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;pages=81-96&amp;issue=1&amp;author=G.+Sapiro&amp;title=How+Do+Literary+Works+Cross+Borders+%28Or+Not%29%3F+A+Sociological+Approach+to+World+Literature\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>Van Baelen,C<em>Letteren in de wereld van vandaag en morgen. Aanzetten tot een meerjarenplan 2011\u20132015<\/em>&nbsp;.Berchem&nbsp;:\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u6587\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1&nbsp;,two thousand and ten&nbsp;.<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=C.+Van+Baelen&amp;title=+Letteren+in+de+wereld+van+vandaag+en+morgen.+Aanzetten+tot+een+meerjarenplan+2011%E2%80%932015+\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>Van Baelen,C<em>1+1 = zelden 2. Over grensverkeer in de Vlaams-Nederlandse literaire boekenmarkt<\/em>. \u6d77\u7259\uff1a\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u8054\u76df&nbsp;,two thousand and thirteen&nbsp;.<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=C.+Van+Baelen&amp;title=+1%2B1+%3D+zelden+2.+Over+grensverkeer+in+de+Vlaams-Nederlandse+literaire+boekenmarkt+\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>Van Bockstal,KHolmiumOp weg naar een ambitieus en transparant buitenlandbeleid\u201c\u5185\u90e8\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55Berchem&nbsp;:\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u6587\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1&nbsp;,two thousand and thirteen&nbsp;.<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=K.+Van+Bockstal&amp;title=Op+weg+naar+een+ambitieus+en+transparant+buitenlandbeleid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>Van Bockstal,K<em>Landschapstekening Letteren<\/em>&nbsp;.Berchem&nbsp;:\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u6587\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1&nbsp;,two thousand and fourteen&nbsp;.<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=K.+Van+Bockstal&amp;title=+Landschapstekening+Letteren+\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><li>Van Bockstal,K<em>Jaarverslag 2015<\/em>&nbsp;.Berchem&nbsp;:\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u6587\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1&nbsp;,two thousand and sixteen&nbsp;.<a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=K.+Van+Bockstal&amp;title=+Jaarverslag+2015+\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u8005]<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4f5c\u8005\u4fe1\u606f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6770\u514b\u9ea6\u514b\u9a6c\u6c40<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>\u6770\u514b\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u9a6c\u6c40<\/em><\/strong>\u662f\u9c81\u6c76\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\uff0c<em>Boek\u9884\u8ba2<\/em>\uff0c\u8c03\u67e5\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u5851\u9020\u5168\u7403\u56fe\u4e66\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u673a\u6784\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4ed6\u662f<em>\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e2d\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u6587\u5b66\uff1a\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u8bed\u5883<\/em>\uff08\u9c81\u6c76\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2020\u5e74\uff09\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08CERES\uff09\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6458\u8981 \u672c\u6587\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u8fd120\u5e74\u6765\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8d85\u8fc711000\u672c\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u56fe\u4e66\u8bd1\u6587\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u5bf9\u8fd1\u671f\u4f20\u51fa\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6d41\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u7403\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u5ba1\u67e5\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u6d41\u6d3e\uff08\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u548c\u51fa\u53e3\uff1b\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u4f5c\u8005\u4f5c\u54c1\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6570\u91cf\u7a33\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u8bed\u4f5c\u8005\u4f5c\u54c1\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6570\u91cf\u505c\u6ede\u4e0d\u524d\uff1b\u5fb7\u8bed\u3001\u82f1\u8bed\u548c\u6cd5\u8bed\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u548c\u4e39\u9ea6\u8bed\u5904\u4e8e\u534a\u8fb9\u7f18\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6c49\u8bed\u5904\u4e8e\u65b0\u5174\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u83b7\u5f97\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u663e\u8457\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7ee7\u7eed\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u63a2\u8ba8\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u548c\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u65af\u6587\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff08\u524d\u79f0\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u6587\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u201c\u6587\u5b66\u8d28\u91cf\u201d\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u201c\u5e02\u573a\u4fee\u6b63\u201d\u7406\u7531\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u52a0\u5f3a\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5931\u8861\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e2d\u7684\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66&nbsp;,\u4e16\u754c\u56fe\u4e66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5e02\u573a&nbsp;,\u7ffb\u8bd1\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66&nbsp;,\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8865\u52a9\u91d1&nbsp;,\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56&nbsp;,\u8377\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a&nbsp;,\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u65af\u6587\u5b66 \u4ecb\u7ecd \u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u8fb9\u754c\u5212\u5206\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u662f\u6587\u5b66\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u56fe\u4e66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u5236\u7ea6\u548c\u523a\u6fc0\u8de8\u5883\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002one\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u8fc1\u79fb\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u6587\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u56fe\u4e66\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u548c\u7834\u574f\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u3002twoJohan 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